How does a vocoder work2/18/2023 When people in the field of music production refer to a Vocoder, they refer to a device extracting the spectral envelope of a signal (usually voice, called the modulator), and filtering an other signal (usually a rich synth texture, called the carrier) with a filter whose response is the extracted spectral envelope. RubberBand is an example of open-source C++ time/pitch alteration library based on a phase-vocoder. Its relationship to voice is only historical, and it is currently used for pitch-shifting and time-stretching in lower-end audio hardware/software. The phase vocoder referenced by the other answers is a signal processing technique that can be used to perform time/pitch modification of signals (time-stretching, pitch-shifting), by computing a time-frequency representation of the signal (short term Fourier Transform, or STFT) and then inserting/removing signal frames and then maintaining the coherence of the phase information. To make matters worse the Songify app referenced by the original post is not an example of vocoder. What is called a vocoder in the music production world has little to do with the phase vocoder used in signal processing. I fear that all answers here are irrelevant to the question.
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